Gay Marriage Should be Legal Essay - 1123 Words

On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Many conservative groups do NOT agree with this decision. The believe that gay marriage should not be permitted but civil unions should be granted to lesbians and homosexuals. On the other hand there is a large group that believes neither gay marriage nor civil unions should be offered to gay and lesbian couples and that any legal union should be available to heterosexual couples only. The different opinions that are expressed by society’s attitudes towards gay marriage continue to cause great controversy throughout the country, and should come to a halt by allowing homosexuals to wed. The true†¦show more content†¦When conversation surrounding gay marriage arises much of society feels strongly against it due to religious beliefs. Many feel that â€Å"according to the bible† it is not permitted, so therefore it should not exist. What peopl e fail to realize is that the bible also states that the many everyday activities society takes part in is also considered unacceptable. For example the Bible states that if a woman fails to prove her virginity at the time of matrimony, the men of her town shall stone her to death (Jeffrey 227). That is something that present day Christians clearly do not agree with nor do our laws allow for it. After reading versus such as that, how can one argue against gay marriage from Biblical passages that condemn homosexual activity, but choose to ignore a variety of similarly inhumane, sexist and racist passages which encourage slavery, the murder of witches, and stoning? Thus condemning homosexuality singled out by gay marriage opponents based on the bible is a completely unfair and bizarre argument. Yet there are people such as Robert Cummings who state, â€Å"God loves gay people, but he despises the sin of homosexuality. I wish there was a worldwide ban on gay marriages because itâ€⠄¢s not right† (Cummings). The common misconception that people have with gay marriage is that unless a couple has the desire to get married within a church,Show MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rig hts allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

How High School Gets Brought Up - 1311 Words

What do people normally think of when high school gets brought up? Maybe that it is boring, a waste of time, that a person doesn t really learn much even though there is countless hours invested. When it is time to graduate and head off to college one should feel somewhat comfortable and mostly prepared for college, the assignments are turned in at the needed time and normally not late, very well rounded in all aspects of school education.. Graduating from Northeast Range, that feeling really isn’t there. If it were trade school, yeah, no big deal, but going for an actual degree with all these different classes will be very challenging. There are quite a few students that are, for the most part, prepared, but those are the ones that†¦show more content†¦Is all of this because of the No child will be left behind Act President George W. Bush passed in 2001? One statement that speaks toward this paper from the NCLB Act would be, that the expectation that struggling stud ents learn alongside their peers. Some say that NCLB focused too much on standardized testing. Some schools end up â€Å"teaching to the test†Ã¢â‚¬â€focusing only on what students were tested on. This left little time for anything else the kids may have needed or wanted to learn. Some things that NCLB requires like, highly qualified teachers as well as research-based instruction and basic reporting on school results most people supported. What if it is because of the Every student succeeds Act passed by President Obama on December 10, 2015? When ESSA got passed, they kept some things from the NCLB, but added onto it. The only law that stayed the same would be â€Å"States are responsible for holding schools accountable for student achievement.† The law provides a framework but it is a flexible framework. Whereas in the NCLB didn’t have much of a flexible framework for each state to set their own state standards (The Understood team, 2016). Students generally speaking aren’t very worried on how well they do their work. Many are just focused on getting it turned in regardless to how well it has been done. Select students would think that way, but after theShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1132 Words   |  5 Pagesstrong feelings get together and notice they have differing opinions, it can lead to arguments. That’s what happened in my case. Recently, I experienced my first big fight with my parents over how many college classes I should be able to take. Ever since I was little, I have always tried to do my very best in classes and really push myself. I have also always been a perfectionist and been very on top of my work. I have always wanted to get things done as soon as possible and get ahead anytime IRead MoreResearch Paper On College Athletes1740 Words   |  7 PagesIn my life, the one thing that has always been most interesting to me is sports. I have grown up around sports my entire life and have always stayed active in following it. Over the past few years, there has been a question that has lingered over the sports world and caused a significant amount of controversy. The question would be whether or not college athletes should get paid to play. I have always had an opinion on this very large topic, but as time goes on, new variables keep arising and changingRead MoreAnalysis Of Laura Murphys Beloved1609 Words   |  7 PagesLaura Murphy is a member of the Lake Braddock Secondary School Parent-Teacher-Student Associat ion in Fairfax Station, Virginia. Murphy is advocating for students at the high school to not read a particular novel. The novel that she is challenging happens to be the Pulitzer Prize winner Beloved by Toni Morrison. Murphy is not only challenging the book, but is also wanting to ban Beloved. In regards to future literature, â€Å"new polices are adopted for books assigned† that might have objectionable contentRead MoreHigh School Vs. New Jersey Court Case Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagestheir permission. This usually continues when you are in high school and the school administrator goes through your purse. This is what happened for T.L.O. when she was a freshman caught smoking marijuana in the bathroom and the vice principle thought that it was okay to look through her purse for proof of what she had done. They both obviously did something that was going to be seen as wrong to different people. Today we will discuss how the T.L.O. V. New Jersey court case was created, th e stepsRead MoreThe Breakfast Club Film Analysis1174 Words   |  5 Pagescinematography makes the film a relatable experience. On the morning of a Saturday, five high school students have to serve detention with each other while really not knowing who they are. All five of these students are hesitant to know each other, but later end up talking and finding a way to escape what feels like prison to them. When they decide to give up and just serve detention, they start to open up about who they are and what they go through every day. Each student glorifies why they areRead MoreElementary School Is An Absolute Ball1233 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fun I’ve had, all the friends I shared memories with at recess, sports games, dances, award assemblies, pep rallies, or anything related to school really. Actually, really looking back I loved elementary, middle, and high school all for the reason that it made me who I am today. If it were not for all the classes, extra curriculars, and other school-related activities, I would not have the friends I have today, would not know even a quarter of all the math, Engli sh, history, science I was taughtRead MoreMy Most Formative Memories Of The South1273 Words   |  6 PagesI was raised in the south nestled in a small town outside of an even smaller city in North Carolina. Growing up in the south was an education on it’s on. For starters, I was not short of discipline. I realized that a lot of my friends’ parents just â€Å"negotiated† with them from age two and beyond. This is not acceptable in the south. One of my most formative memories is being popped in the mouth by my grandmother in front of the entire line at Winn-Dixie because I called her a name - one that rhymesRead MoreArticle Review : Stop Blaming Teachers Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesincentive for them to work hard for a high grade. The students know the teacher has to pass them or risk their job. This is an all too common scene in today’s public high schools. Unfortunately, the efforts of teachers are shoved aside and covered by pressures to churn out passing students and high test scores. In her article, â€Å"Stop Blaming Teachers†, Anne Perrin points out the pressures currently facing teachers in the public education systems. Pressures brought on by programs such as No Child LeftRead MoreHigh-Stakes Testing in American Schools Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesadministering high-stakes tests. High-stakes testing is scrutinized all the time, since some believe it is the only indicator of tracking students and teachers. They seemed to have been ridiculed by many and favored by few; nonetheless there are significant disparities in the public’s and government’s opinion. According to Dunne (2000), â€Å"Tests arent just tests anymore -- at least not high-stakes tests, which are being used in some states to determine which students stay back a grade, which high schoolRead MoreFinding Yourself1497 Words   |  6 PagesFinding yourself is a part of growing up; a part that is hard, long and confusing, and now imagine having to find yourself in those harsh teen years with one more factor: am I American or am I Mexican? This is the question that a lot of young adults have to ask themselves in consequence of being brought at a young age to the United States. In this paper I will discuss the experience of five people including myself that were brought in to the states at a very young age all with their parents dream

Analysis of Clinical Reasoning Cycle Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Clinical Reasoning Cycle. Answer: Introduction: One of the greatest responsibilities in case of thenursing individuals can be considered the clinical judgments. In most cases thenursing individuals are expected to take prompt clinical decisions in both the care planning and execution. Now it has to be mentioned that the impact of the care decision making can have a very severe impact on the well being of the patients. Furthermore, in certain cases any wrong decision taken in the care planning procedure can even cost the patients if his or her life. Therefore, the values if thenursing decisions are extreme and that is the reason why there have been many initiatives take in the attempt to streamline the process of clinical judgment or decision making as possible (Stellefson, Dipnarine Stopka, 2013). Clinical reasoning cycle can be considered to be one of the most impactful and effective strategic intervention that has proved to improve the clinical judgments and eradicate the issues that are prevalent in the scenario of clinical decision making. The clinical reasoning cycle can be defined as the scientific step by step process of collecting different cues of patient situational analysis, processing the collected information, identification of the care needs, planning and implementation of interventions based on care priorities, evaluating outcomes and reflecting on the entire procedure (Levett-Jones et al., 2010). This assignment will attempt to use the clinical reasoning cycle to analyse the patient situation and formulate care interventions based on the care needs and the care priorities f the patient by the means of employing clinical reasoning cycle with the help of a case study. Case scenario analysis: The very first step of the clinical reasoning cycle is the collection of the informative cues regarding the condition of the patient. On a more elaborative note, this step of the cycle is associated with the patient situation analysis, and investigation of the facts linked issues of the patient. In this case, the patient Peter Mitchell is a 52 year old man with a morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. There have been three particular medical emergencies due to which the patient had been admitted to the health care facility, poorly controlled diabetes, and obesity ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea. The subjective data of the patient also indicate at a few key symptoms that the patient had been exhibiting such as shakiness, diaphoresis, increased hunger, high BGL levels and difficulty breathing whilst sleeping. Along with that patient history also reveals his past history of tobacco usage for 30 years, the patient smoked 20 cigarettes a day. According to the information mentioned abov e the patient had been neglecting his high blood glucose levels and the added impact of morbid obesity. From the symptoms that the patients had been exhibiting signs of severe hyperglycemia, and he had also been at a risk for diabetic coma (Garber et al., 2013). Further investigations indicate at the fact that the patient had been previously suggested to follow a weight loss regime involving a strict low fat diet and daily exercise, which the patient refused to acknowledge because of it being too hard for him. His past medical history investigations unravelled presence of depression, Hypertension, Sleep apnea, and Gastro oesophageal disease reflux disease along with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it can be mentioned that as Peter had been suffering with quite a few health disorders and each one of them had an impact on his present condition, his negligence to follow a proper diet and an exercise regimen further worsened the condition for him enhancing his risk of hyperglycemia and even diabetic coma (Garber et al., 2016). The psychosocial information about the patient indicate that he had been a government employee 3 years ago had weighed 105kgs, after losing his job his diabetes and obesity worsened further and after the start of the insulin the patient gained far more weight. Along with that, due his abnormally obese physique and fatigue he has difficulty finding employment lives alone after his divorce. The impact of his severe hyperglycemia and extremely high body weight restricted his chances of carrying out normal activities of daily living, and as he lived alone in his house, he had no one to care for him either. However, after his recent episode of hyperglycemia and increased chances of diabetic coma helped him realize the need for making efforts to lose weight and better management of his conditions. With the absence of any advisor or family member to rely on, the patients is unsure of where and how to start working for better health outcomes which indicates that the patients is anxious, clue less and depressed. Care needs: According to the clinical reasoning cycle, the second and third stage of the cycle is associated with the process of collecting cues from the patients regarding the subjective and objective patient data and processing all the information that has been collected by thenursing professional. This process gives rise to the identification of the care needs of the patients and by interpreting, discriminating, relating, inferring, and predicting performed by the nursing professional (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). Hence, focusing on the care needs of the patients, many care priorities are apparent from the case study. First and foremost it has to be mentioned that the patient had a very poorly controlled diabetes type to the patient it has to be mentioned that obesity often leads deterioration of bith physical and mental health and wellbeing by the virtue of altered body image, related co-morbid disorders, social isolation, fatigue, mobility restriction and depression. Hence the very first care need for the patient has to be reduction and better management of his exceeding body weight. The next care need that can be highlighted in here is better management of the diabetes that the patient had been having (Vashist, 2012). It has to be understood that extreme morbid obesity when coupled with faulty management of diabetes can lead to severe exacerbations like coronary heart diseases and renal diseases, hence better management of his diabetes will be one of the greatest care need. Other care needs for the patient includes hypertension, sleep apnoea, depression, and social isolation. Two complex care priorities with justification: The clinical reasoning cycle provides the health care professional with the opportunity to sort through the overlapping care needs. In this case as well, the next step of action will be for the nursing professional to focus on the most crucial care priorities of the patient and decide on two particular care priorities that the patient will need immediate care intervention for. The fourth stage of the clinical reasoning cycle, the nursing professional will need to identify the key issues that the patient has been suffering from and formulate a care plan including the patients and his preferences in the process (Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Based on the subjective and objective data, the care priorities for the patient include obesity management and better self management of the diabetes. It has to be mentioned that global epidemic of obesity is indicative of the increasing prevalence and incidence rate of type two diabetes. Similarly without effective management of obesity the patients can lead to many health disorders like congestive heart failure, coronary arterial diseases, renal diseases and many more which can easily lead to fatalities if not managed properly. Along with that the patient had type 2 diabetes for more than 9 years and with the lack of self management of the disease coupled with excessive body weight at 145 kg, the above mentioned risks were even higher. Hence, based on synthesis of the patient data discovered from the past medical history and the investigation by the nursing professional, the choice of both of the care priorities are relevant and justified (Feinman et al., 2015). The 5th stage of the CRC focuses on synthesis of achievable goals involving the care priorities decided in the previous steps, and taking relevant actions to address the chosen care priorities. The collection and synthesis of the patient data indicates the fact that that patient did not have a strict diet plan at all; hence the very first goal for the patient will be to focus on a diet plan that matches his needs and preferences. The next goal for the patents can be a low to high exercise regimen. The patents will need to start with a low grade exercise program that will help him get used to the habit of exercise and slowly the exercise regimen will evolve to higher difficulty level to match up with need of the patient (Rueda-Clausen, Padwal Sharma, 2013). For diabetes management, the patient had not been regular with his checkups and blood glucose management; hence the first goal for this patient must focus on the regular glucose level management. It has to be mentioned in this context that the patient will need to be instructed to acquire any self operated glucose level monitoring device and should be educated to check it regularly. Along with that that patients will be needed to be educated and motivated to regularly take the medications that has been prescribed to him (Chen et al., 2012). The last two steps of the clinical reasoning cycle in to evaluate the outcome of the management goals and then reflect on the whole process. For the evaluation process, the nursing professional can monitor the weight, blood glucose level and BMI of the patient. A changed attitude towards his obesity and diabetes and efforts to change his condition will also be a evaluation outcome measurement strategy for the patient. The primary motive behind the reflection phase is to enhance the patient centered aspect of the care and whether the care approach can be refined any further to match the needs of the patient any further (Chandrasekaran et al., 2012). Conclusion: On a concluding note, clinical reasoning cycle is an excellent tool for the nursing individuals to employ evidence based practice and critical analytical thinking while caring for the patients and addressing different issues by the means of a series or spiral of linked clinical encounters. it helps effectively in sorting out the relevant patient care cues, identifying care priorities and designing care plan that will address each of the care priorities. In this case study as well, the CRC helped in identification and determination of the particular care priorities of Peter Mitchell and helped in designing care goals that are focussed and recovery oriented for him. References: Chandrasekaran, C. V., Vijayalakshmi, M. A., Prakash, K., Bansal, V. S., Meenakshi, J., Amit, A. (2012). Herbal approach for obesity management.American Journal of Plant Sciences,3(07), 1003. Chen, S. M., Creedy, D., Lin, H. S., Wollin, J. (2012). Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of nursing studies,49(6), 637-644. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Feinman, R. D., Pogozelski, W. K., Astrup, A., Bernstein, R. K., Fine, E. J., Westman, E. C., ... Nielsen, J. V. (2015). Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base.Nutrition,31(1), 1-13. Fisher, E. B., Boothroyd, R. I., Coufal, M. M., Baumann, L. C., Mbanya, J. C., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., ... Tanasugarn, C. (2012). Peer support for self-management of diabetes improved outcomes in international settings.Health affairs,31(1), 130-139. Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bush, M. A., ... Garber, J. R. (2016). Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm2016 executive summary.Endocrine Practice,22(1), 84-113. Garber, A., Abrahamson, M., Barzilay, J., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z., Bush, M., ... Grunberger, G. (2013). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013 consensus statement.Endocrine Practice,19(Supplement 2), 1-48. Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S. Y. S., Noble, D., Norton, C. A., ... Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at riskpatients.Nurse education today,30(6), 515-520. Ross, R., Blair, S., de Lannoy, L., Desprs, J. P., Lavie, C. J. (2015). Changing the endpoints for determining effective obesity management.Progress in cardiovascular diseases,57(4), 330-336. Rueda-Clausen, C. F., Padwal, R. S., Sharma, A. M. (2013). New pharmacological approaches for obesity management.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,9(8), 467. Stellefson, M., Dipnarine, K., Stopka, C. (2013). Peer reviewed: The chronic care model and diabetes management in US primary care settings: A systematic review.Preventing chronic disease,10. Vashist, S. K. (2012). Non-invasive glucose monitoring technology in diabetes management: A review.Analytica chimica acta,750, 16-27.

Innocent III Essay Example

Innocent III Essay Under Innocent III, the state of the papacy and papal authority changed dramatically and emerged to form what some historians describe as a papal monarchy1. One could argue that during Innocents reign of 1198-1216, the medieval papacy was at the peak of its power in terms of military strength, control over Rome, international political power and moral influence. Innocent IIIs own writings reflect this point of view, as he makes clear that he views his position as one of unquestionable, divine endowed authority. However when considering this question of whether the papacy was indeed at its height under Innocent, the gap between theological theory and political reality must be considered, as well as Innocents reign in relation to his predecessors and successors which may lead historians to inflate their opinion of this period in papal history, due to the decline of the papacy that occurred under Innocent IV. Innocent III international involvement is greater than any of the popes before or after him, during his reign he interfered in almost every kingdom in Europe2, however this does not provide evidence for him actually wielding any power as he was regularly ignored by monarchs such as by King John of England. In England, King John defied the pope by making Hubert Walter chancellor after Innocent had ordered him to release him from office after he began building a church in Lambeth. We will write a custom essay sample on Innocent III specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Innocent III specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Innocent III specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He also defied him and caused England to be put under interdict in 1205, when John refused to comply with the decree that tax from the clergy should be paid in a lump sum by each diocese. Therefore one could draw the conclusion from this that the papacy had to operate out of good will or else it was ignored, such as when he was forced to back off from the situation in Germany in 1208. However despite England and other examples such as France in 1200 having to be put under interdict for obedience, eventually Innocent III did get his way and his authority was respected, as in 1213 John wrote the Charter of Submission. In this charter he recognized the popes power when he wrote we have pledged and sworn our fealty henceforth to our lord aforesaid, Pope Innocent III3. The reasons behind John finally succumbing to the pope are due to the widespread effects of the interdict and the influence of the pope himself on the Church in England and the life of the clergy, an issue which will be discussed later. Therefore the pope Innocent III does appear to hold substantial international power, despite initial defiance, he ultimately got his way despite the geographical limitations straining communication. One must consider that the medieval papacy throughout the middle ages lacked the bureaucracy, financial resources and political apparatus to effectively be an international authority body, Chaney points out that despite this, Innocent III unlike popes before him, was successful in having international influence despite the fact that a message from Rome to England could take up to a month and was regularly ignored as many letters were regarded as forgeries4. Therefore Innocent III did wield a great deal of authority, Munro argues that the monarchs of Europe were his vassals5, a view clearly shared by Innocent himself when he wrote Now just as the moon derives its light from the sun and is indeed lower than it in quantity and quality, in position and in power, so too the royal power derives the splendour of its dignity from the pontifical authority.. 6. This view is further substantiated by numerous examples of leaders all over Europe seeking out his guidance and even placing their countries under papal rule such as in Hungary and Poland7. Philip Augustus, arguably the most powerful monarch in Europe at the time, was disciplined by the pope for violating the marriage sacrament, Sancho of Portugal was forced to place his country under papal over lordship and he made Alfonso of Leon break off the marriage with his niece. The most famous example of the popes international intervention is acting as arbiter in the dispute over the election between Otto and Philip. One could argue that under Pope Innocent III, the medieval papacy reached its peak of military power and as papal power was dependent on military strength this would render his reign very powerful. Innocent had strong international allies as well as having his own armies of mercenaries, employed troops and loyal military service of barons of the Papal States. He also had the power to call whole nations to arms. However one must question the popes actual military strength as he relied heavily on his international allies rather than his independent power, exemplified by the handing over of the Papal States to Marquis Azzo VI of Este. However, unlike popes before him, Innocents interest in crusading more than those before him may be significant proof that he did indeed hold secure military power. The Albigensian crusade itself however counters this view of the pope having great military power as it became a war of conquest and spiralled into a massacre when the abbot of Citeaux; Arnold Amaury, encouraged troops to commit murder8. On entry into the papacy in 1198, Innocents views on his position as pope were made very clear, he saw himself as the vicar of Christ and therefore a moral authority to all Christians . He appears to have exercised moral authority as leaders approached him for guidance such as Francis of Assisi in 1210. However, one must question the gap between theory and reality, although he believed this to be true, to what extent is it demonstrated throughout his time as pope, and was it greater than other popes during the Middle Ages? To answer this question one must consider the popes influence in the everyday running of the church by the clergy. Using England as an example, it is clear that Innocent exercised a vast influence as during the interdict, Englishmen were deprived of the sacraments of the church as bodies were not buried and marriages were not solemnised in churches. As Binns puts it his weapons may be spiritual but they were uncommonly effective9 The clergy were greatly upset by this and as a result John had to make peace with the pope, one could argue as Chaney does that this shows the strength of the ultimate hold of papal doctrine on the church10, even if not over the individual leader. Innocent himself had no doubts over his control over the church, writing so extensive is the authority of the apostolic see that nothing can reasonably be determined in all the affairs of the church except by its authority11. However one could argue that despite having influence, this is all theoretical power and that this does not show Innocent to be as powerful as many historians inflate his image to be. The calling of the Lateran Council in 1215 is the most decisive piece of evidence in securing the view that Innocent wielded moral influence over the church, being arguably one of the most important councils of the Western church. It was widely attended with representatives from all over the world and by 400 bishops, 800 abbots as well as priors, clergy and laity. This council decided on many issues such as the entry into the crusade and reforming the church on issues such as the restricting of indulgencies12. Munro argues that the council shows the strength of the pope and papal power at its peak as the council was highly regarded as an authoritative force such as the fixing of transubstantiation as a dogma13 . To any pope throughout this period, securing ones power base in Rome and the papal states was of utmost importance and an aspiration of all popes14, one could argue that Innocent III failed in securing this power as Rome was run by a senator elected by the people and he was also forced to flee Rome on two occasions during his reign. However, despite this, Innocent managed to secure some power in Rome as unlike popes before him, he gained the right to choose the senator and he swore loyalty to the pope by oath. Therefore one must question Innocents power over Rome and whether it really demonstrates the papacy at the peak of its power as throughout his reign, he never seems to have gained a firm grip on Rome. With regards to the Papal States, Barraclough argues that Innocent III came nearest of all the popes to realizing the theory of papal theocracy held by Nicholas I and Gregory VII15 . However despite this, Barraclough also argues that there were limitations to his success and at best he half succeeded. During his reign, he more than doubled the papal lands through his policy of recuperation on accession. However his power over the Papal States was weak at best, Sayers argues that in Sicily, despite Innocent having taken to opportunity to gain power the result of Innocents rule in Sicily was chaos and caused a collapse of the government built up by the Norman kings16. However one could argue that this was due to the apparatus available to him rather than weakness in the papacy itself. One must consider when casting a judgement over Innocents power in the Papal States, what he had inherited. On accession, papal power in the Papal States was weak, Henry had power over Sicily and Papal States were held by German counts as well as the papal treasury being depleted. Therefore one must consider his power in the context of what he had to work with, leading to the judgement that he did indeed exert a great deal of power. When one considers the question as to whether the papacy reached its peak under Innocent III, from the evidence available, it appears that historians have over inflated and exaggerated the power the papacy actually held during this period as Innocents letters provide a wealth of evidence to draw from. Therefore although Innocent III held more power than many of his predecessors, it appears that due to the decline of the papacy under Innocent IV, this has led historians to regard Innocent IIIs reign more highly that it possibly deserves. One must consider the gradual gain in power of the papacy as a process and one that can not be solely attributed to one pope, as Chaney points out, the rise in papal power had begun long before Innocent had come to power17, a fact ignored by historians. However, Innocents power should not be diminished in history due to the possible faults of historians, he undeniably held a great deal of power and influence in a range of fields and therefore it does seem fair to argue that under him, the papacy did reach the apogee of its power during the middle ages . In terms of moral influence, one is inclined to agree with the view that as the spiritual sovereign of Latin Christendom, he had no rival18. However, one must still consider that despite this accolade, that is not to say that he did not have areas of great weakness such as in Sicily and that although coming close to, he did not fully achieve the aims of him and those before him in securing Rome and the Papal states. Alternatively, one could argue in his defence that this was due to the resources available to him and that the power he did secure in spite of these limitations shows Innocent III as being very powerful and shows the papacy at the peak of its power.

Key to Success Essay Example

Key to Success Essay Example Key to Success Essay Key to Success Essay Key to Success What is education? According to the Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English it is defined as â€Å"the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university and the theory and practice of teaching†. In my opinion success requires not only formal education but the positive attitude, drive and vision through informal education. What is formal education? It is the interaction between students and a teacher that is required for a student to obtain some sort of people pursue formal education in the hope that obtaining a degree or certificate will open the window of opportunity, help them gain social status and financial security. Education obtained in school teaches essential skills for the working world and it changes and mold behaviour of an individual so that the person will become a responsible for member of society. Two years ago, one of my teachers said â€Å"To be a productive member in our society, you need to get a formal education†. This statement seems to be true when one considers that we live in a complex and competitive society; many jobs are unavailable to those without an education. For example, in order to be a nurse, a person needs a nursing certificate from a recognized educational institution and pass the national board exam to get a license to work. However, is formal education the only way to success? Most of us believe that education from school is more important than the education obtained outside an institution. Our society thinks that receiving a diploma or degree is the necessary first step towards success. However, some of the world’s most famous and wealthiest billionaires are college dropouts. For instance, the youngest billionaire in the world, Mark Zuckerberg, dropped out from Harvard University and later co-developed Facebook. Obviously, his success did not happen overnight, but through his personal belief in what he was doing and his passion for computer programming. He had the courage to tackle a big project and he succeeded, even though he was a college drop out. Like Zuckerberg, I do not believe that only certificates from institutions will bring us the things we want in life. Instead, it is informal education that teaches us to explore and expand our world. One does not learn to become brave by sitting in a classroom. No college can teach curiosity or teach us who we truly are. Formal education gives people false confidence because knowing a lot of facts does not make you successful. It is how you use what you know, and this skill can only be learned outside the classroom. If a formal education does not guarantee success, what type of informal education is needed to help us achieve our goals? Informal education consists of a lesson learned from experiences outside the classroom. Manny Pacquiao from the Philippines started from poverty and now is one of the highest paid athletes in the world. His life was not always easy: his father left his family for his mistress, Pacquiao was unable to continue school because his family was now penniless, he left home at the age of 12 and lived on the street selling cigarettes. Through his positive work attitude, hard working nature and dedication to achieve his dream to become a boxer, he is now a successful professional boxer, a product endorser, politician and singer. Pacquiao did not learn his positive work attitude from school. He acquired the skills necessary for success from the informal environment of the Manila streets and people who helped him. In conclusion, a formal education may be a stepping stone to fulfilling an individual’s dreams, but success requires us to also develop a positive attitude and the motivation to get up each day and face the challenges of an impossible task or environment. In many cases, such as with Mark Zuckerberg and Manny Pacquiao, these skills are not learned in school but in the much more dynamic and risky environment of the real world. References: education. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia. com. 5 Aug. 2011 . Pilkington, Ed (March 10, 2011). Forbes rich list: Facebook six stake their claims. The Guardian (UK). Retrieved March 30, 2011 Kroll, Luisa, ed (March 5, 2008). In Pictures: Youngest Billionaires: Mark Zuckerberg, U. S. : Age 23: $1. 5  billion, self-made. Forbes. Billionaire Dropouts. Pennylicious. 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2011-01-30. Manny Pacquiao. PhilBoxing. com. Retrieved September 4, 2007. Manny Pacquiao. Canadastarboxing. com. Retrieved May 9, 2011.

African Politics - Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

African Politics - Aid - Essay Example Aid was started in Africa in order to facilitate development projects after colonialism. Colonialism had impoverished African countries and the western nations came in with the concept of aid to assist. The intentions were pure and there was initially no agenda behind the money being provided. As Michelle (2013) stipulates in the journal article, there were big development ideas that were to be funded by the aid money but what lacked is the technical expertise. Aid was to be used in various developmental areas such as education, health, infrastructural development among others. Education is the baseline of every country whether developed or developing. It is therefore in the best interest of every nation to have its entire people educated if it is to have developments in the future and use it to enhance their livelihoods. Africa has been left behind for decades on the issue of access to education and this has led to aid being given and debt accrued in the need to educate their public. The dire need to raise the education standards led to need to borrow money from the Bretton Woods institutions such as the World Bank in order to complete the project. The project ended up consuming more and having no much return benefits to the intended public and a debt accrued. Drazen, (2002) explains how debts from the aid continued to increase with no hopes of them being paid back especially with the oil crises which led to an increase in food prices as well as the deplorable conditions in these African nations that have led to an increase in poverty. The Bretton Woods institutions together with the western countries that supplied the money for the aid came up with the concept of structural adjustment programs as the condition for being granted the aid. The African leaders desperate for the money went along with this program that saw massive layoffs and retrenchments taking place in the public sector. The structural programs were

Shell uses new refinery new reffinery to support sustainability Essay

Shell uses new refinery new reffinery to support sustainability - Essay Example addition to being a big project, the new transformation process has the potential of creating a new natural gas, which would contribute to earnings for the company. GTL gas is priced at roughly half the normal price of crude oil, which is likely to spur increased demand mostly due to lower natural gas prices. Shell is also likely to win the environmentally conscious consumers and businesses since GTL is purer than the traditional crude thus having a competitive edge over other companies in the energy business. The process of GTL however, has various production and operational barriers. The process is extremely expensive, considering the amount invested in the project, which is $ 19 million, and this has drawn the attention of critics who hold the view that alternative procedures are more cost effective. Moreover, the GTL process consumes a lot of energy, hence posing the question of the effectiveness of the projects’ environmental sustainability. Another barrier facing the venture is the fact that the GTL project can only make profits when oil prices are high and thus the company’s stakes are either a loss or a win with this particular venture. In the event of the project’s failure after 5 years, the company should not abandon the project all together. With the experience it had with a similar project in Malaysia, this should be an indication that the company should remain optimistic and keep the project running. The company should take into consideration the experience with the previous project to know what to do and what to avoid in this particular venture. Having worked through the numerous glitches in the GTL process, the company should be more confident in undertaking this particular project. Finally, Shell stand s to win more profitable relationships in future in case this project succeeds in the rich labour and energy resources Qatar. Thus, Shell should consider continuing with the venture even if it was to fail after 5