The Great Train Robbery and The Phantom Carriage: Editing Comparison

Drawing on the proof gave by a succession documentation, show how altering capacities narratively and expressively in one grouping from either Broken Blossoms (1919) or The Phantom Carriage (1921) and remark on the manners by which this contrasts from The Great Train Robbery (1903). The Great Train Robbery and The Phantom Carriage are both considered as one of the key imaginative motion pictures at any point made ever. The Phantom Carriage was very notable for exhibiting it’s propelled account development with flashbacks inside flashbacks. The Phantom Carriage would have had mechanical favorable circumstances over The Great Train Robbery since it was made eighteen years after. Consequently, both their altering strategies are significantly unique. Having made a documentation on one of the arrangements from The Phantom Carriage, the account elements of the altering styles between the two will be talked about while the distinctions are featured. To begin with, both the motion pictures comprised of fascinating cinematographic components that permitted the editors to the cut the film in the most inventive manner. For a first portrayal film, The Great Train Robbery figured out how to present many intriguing altering procedures. There were different area changes, camera developments and the prologue to the style of cross cutting was additionally amazing. The Phantom Carriage likewise comprised of many intriguing procedures, for example, the utilization of different shots from various points, camera development and the presentation of a title card to communicate the account. The succession looked over The Phantom Carriage is the starting to section three, which starts off with a dark blur to shading change. This progress consequently conveys a period change inside the story. We are then demonstrated a building up open air shot, of a man wearing a suit, leaving a tall entryway that is shut by another man who appeared to resemble a watchman. This shot restores the area as the outside of a prison because of its highlights, for example, tall entryways, the nearness of a gatekeeper, block dividers and afterward a tall structure with hall openings behind the block divider, which is uncovered after the camera dish marginally to one side as the man strolls towards the camera. The man at that point looks to one side and leaves the edge where the following cut is ade. As the cut is made before the man totally leaves the casing, as crowd, we anticipate that it should be a match cut; rather it is a hop cut that cuts into the man running into one of the houses in the road. In spite of the fact that this denotes a progress in existence, it intrigues the crowd on where the story had gone from when he left the prison, to when he got to the house. Anyway contrasted with The Great Train Robbery, the account in The Phantom Carriage is as yet more grounded as in spite of the fact that there was a bounce cut, the crowds had the option to see the man go out. The component of congruity in real life communicated the story better. The scene in The Great Train Robbery, where the administrator races to the close by dancehall to illuminate the others regarding the episode, the crowds are not demonstrated the administrators excursion to the ballroom by any means; rather the administrator looks as though he is getting up to educate the others and afterward a hop slice is made to the assembly hall where the individuals are moving. We would then be able to see another man go into the room; from the start we would feel that it is the administrator however it is another person. Because of the absence of progression, it could befuddle the crowd on what the account is. As the administrator later joins the group and educates the group regarding the occurrence, with the assistance of their overstated response to the circumstance, the account is made more clear. ‘In both account and non-story films, altering is a pivotal procedure for requesting existence. At least two pictures can be connected to suggest spatial and transient relations to the viewer’. The Phantom Carriage comprised of an assortment of shots from various edges that meant the account over to the crowd. Conversely, The Great Train Robbery didn't show any one grouping from different edges. Most scenes were appeared from one edge and the set looked showy, practically like a discovery theater where the camera is the fourth divider. Be that as it may, the account in The Great Train Robbery was brisk and straightforward as each cut implied a scene change. Much more occurred between cuts in The Great Train burglary than in The Phantom Carriage. In this way in the event that someone missed a cut from The Great Train Robbery, contrasted with The Phantom Carriage, it would have been increasingly hard for the individual to comprehend what had happened. The assortment of shots in The Phantom Carriage implied that, regardless of whether someone missed couple of shots, they would even now have the option to comprehend the plot. Likewise, having an assortment of shots, permitted the crowd to feel progressively associated with the film, as they had the option to investigate the circumstance from various points. ‘ In the great account framework, altering is represented by the n ecessities of verisimilitude, henceforth the qualities in any one movie arrangement of building up shot, closer shots that direct the look of the observer to components of activity to be perused as noteworthy, trailed by further long shots to restore spatial relations. ’ The component of progression is huge in causing the film to show up as genuine as could be expected under the circumstances. An assortment of shots were utilized to give the coherence impact in The Phantom Carriage. In the second shot from the arrangement, it is built up that the man is strolling in the city and is going to stroll into a house. We at that point see a mid shot of the man going up the steps followed by a nearby of the article he is taking a gander at. We are then reclaimed to a mid shot of him looking down. The developments between the shots are cut and coordinated consummately, meeting the necessities of verisimilitude. The Great Train Robbery likewise had fascinating moving foundation that set everything up without clarifying where the area was. For instance, the manner in which the foundation moved, while the criminals were looting, made the account more clear by clarifying the theft that was occurring in the train. This clarified the title of the film while communicating the account over. In any case, there were progression issues, for example, the contrasts between the rates of the foundation development between scenes. For instance, after the looting scene, the scene slices to a burglar climbing the motor of the train. This is an open air scene and the development of the train out of sight recommended that the burglary occurred while the train was moving. Contrasted with the past shot, the speed wherein the train moved has discernibly diminished, making the foundation developments in the middle of the scenes appear as though a bounce cut. Proceeding with the succession, the following cut is made when the crowd first observes a vacant flight of stairs, where the grouping has an additional vignette impact to he outline. We at that point see the man rapidly running up the steps in the proceeding with development from the past edge. The vignette impact caused it to appear as though somebody was watching the man’s activities through a keyhole or peep opening from another room. We are then indicated the man’s endeavor in attempting to get into the room utilizing different eye-line matches a mong him and the mat. The vignette impact despite everything causes it to appear as though it was from a person’s perspective, as the impact vanishes as soon the camera position changes in the following cut. The following cut is a converse edge shot that keeps the 180-degree rule of the man strolling into the live with the proceeding with development from the past shot. Flawless progression has a pivotal influence here as from the second he got up from the steps to where he got in to the room; all the cuts were totally coordinated with his developments. Interestingly, there were no eye line matches or perspective shots in The Great Train Robbery. The majority of The Great Train Robbery’s outlines appeared as though a showy stage where the entertainers entered in from either sides and left through those sides. At the point when the following cut is made, the vignette impact vanishes signifying that the other vignette shots were certainly from someone’s perspective. We at that point see the character stroll into the room through an entryway. The camera is set confronting the entryway towards the left of the casing ensuring that both the entryways are in the casing. As the character strolls in, the camera skillet to one side to remember the entryway for the privilege in the edge. Now, we can see all the three entryways in the edge. This second is a key second as this shows the significance in remembering the all entryways for the edge. Having an entryway on the edge consistently acquires a thought of anticipation, in discovering on the manners by which the articles behind the entryway is going to impact the account of the story. We at that point see the character run into the room, true to form the following cut is made where the physical activity of the character running into the room is finished. This smooth match cut looked practically immaculate since there were no nonattendance of coherence in the development communicated by the character. This fortified the manner in which the story was communicated, as we had the option to comprehend that the character couldn’t find what he wanted. The following match cut was likewise similarly viable as the cut made coordinated his activity. There is a fascinating mirror component to the way this short grouping from when the character came into the room, until when he left the room was shot and cut. As he strolls into the room, the camera container marginally to one side as he goes into the room to his left side. This match cut of him going all through the room is impeccable due to it’s component of coherence. The slice coordinates the shot to its underlying camera position that was utilized when the character strolled into the room at first. Like the manner in which the camera panned to one side as he strolled into the room to his left side, the camera container marginally to one side, back to its unique situation as he left the room. He t

Helicopter investigation Essay

Effectively settled, the sycamore tree produces sycamore seeds. These seeds are of an incredibly bizarre looking seed, I state this on the grounds that the seeds when noticeable all around they turn like minuscule helicopters. Because of the turning they are kept noticeable all around for a more extended measure of time. Point In this examination I have been approached to discover to what extent it takes for a paper helicopter to fall 2 meters. In the wake of doing this I will research different methods of changing the planning of its arrival. I will do this by utilizing a scope of factors. These incorporate of:  Length of wings Number of tailsI have decided to utilize the variable of the quantity of paperclips being added to the tail of the paper helicopter that I will make. I have decided to change this variable since I realize that attraction is the impact of the gravitational power of fascination, which acts between all items known to man. For instance it is broadly seen with huge articles like the planets. The planets stay in circle as a result of gravitational power of fascination. The gravitational power, which pulls the article downwards, is known as the heaviness of the item. Isaac Newton expressed that there is a gravitational power of fascination between any two articles with mass, which relies upon their masses, and the separation between them. I think with this data I can without much of a stretch say that by including an ever increasing number of paperclips to the tail of the paper helicopter it will put on more weight which will make the gravitational power pull it downwards as opposed to upwards as there is a greater mass pulling it downwards. I additionally decided to utilize this variable as opposed to changing the length of the wings since I imagined that it would have a significantly more full of feeling contrast in the planning of its arrival. In this examination so as to get the most ideal outcomes I will do the investigation multiple times. This will give me a decent scope of results and a superior outcome as I show signs of improvement perspective on the planning of to what extent it takes to land with various quantities of paperclips connected to the tail of the paper helicopter. It is consistently basic to make each examination of whatever kind it is to ensure that it will be a reasonable test. So as to accomplish this I will just be transforming one variable, which I have just settled to be of the quantity of paperclips added to the tail of the paper helicopter. Expectation In the examination which I will do I feel that I will expect for the paper helicopter to tumble to the ground in an a lot faster planning when it has 5 paperclips connected to its tail, than it ought to do when it has either none, 1,2,3,or 4 paperclips joined to the tail of the paper helicopter. I state this on the grounds that from the data that I have just been bolstered by to take this examination further, it likewise causes me with my expectation. Utilizing Isaac Newton’s law of attraction, I can undoubtedly say that with his hypothesis of articles being pulled downwards by a power called weight, it causes me to clarify that when I add an ever increasing number of paperclips to the tail of the paper helicopter it doesn’t simply imply that the quantity of paperclips are expanding however it likewise implies that the mass is additionally expanding. Making the paper helicopter fall downwards and not upwards. For what reason do I say this? I state this in light of the fact that a model being is†¦ Say if I somehow happened to get an inflatable and fill it with Helium, because of the helium being set within the inflatable we definitely realize that for reasons unknown the inflatable appears to go high up. This is on the grounds that Helium is lighter than air making the gravitational power pull it upwards and not downwards as the weight is exceptionally low. While if we somehow happened to put water within the helium filled inflatable it would be brought back downwards in light of the fact that the heaviness of the water powers the inflatable to be cut down once more. What do I expect in the diagram result? It is handily said that when a line diagram is attracted out to show the aftereffects of the examination that I am going to complete, the line should begin close to the highest point of the ‘y’ hub. This ought to be when there are no paperclips appended to the tail of the paper helicopter. Close an incredible finish of the ‘x’ pivot should the absolute last point be drawn, subsequently making the plotted focuses diminishing as it comes the ‘x’ and ‘y’ hub. I imagine that this chart expectation would go for both the normal diagram and the charts for every one of the 5 arrangements of results, which will be as of now acquired at that point. Hardware (As appeared in Diagram 1. 1) Paper  Paper cuts  Stopwatch/Timer  Scissors  Ruler Diagram 1. 1 Method What would it be a good idea for me to do so as to make this examination to the best quality conceivable? So as to get great outcomes I right off the bat need to begin by making the paper helicopter. In this trial I need to investigate the requirements of security, I have seen that none would need to be completed, for example, goggles or wellbeing shrouds etc†¦ How would I make a paper helicopter? Right off the bat I am to get a bit of A4 paper. Some may decide for the A4 to be shaded yet I will simply leave it to be plain. In our group exercise Mr Findley (our material science instructor,) has given us a data sheet, which incorporates of the remains drawing of the paper helicopter. It gives us where to cut and overlap and what estimations are included. Graph 1. 2 The chart, which has been drawn above, has not been attracted to scale. When I draw out the drawing of the paper helicopter on the A4 piece of paper, painstakingly done utilizing a leader obviously. I am to cut along and overlap along the lines as portrayed: Where the dabbed lines are indicated this is the place we are to overlay along, and where the straight strong lines have been attracted, we are to cut along them. The cutting obviously will be finished with some scissors. After they are removed and collapsed along, some may think that its better and progressively respectable on the off chance that they are to be embellish and shading in their paper helicopters! What else is associated with this examination? When the entirety of the above has been done we are to set up our gear out. Having set out the clock, paperclips, and paper helicopter before me, I am to ensure that I have drawn out an outcomes table, which I will record the timings down in. (As appeared in the outcomes table. ) I will then request a little assistance for getting the planning at the most ideal time. At the point when I went to drop/discharge the paper helicopter from my hands I understood that I wasn’t very reality dropping/discharging the paper helicopter from 2 meters of stature. Indeed I was dropping it from my tallness with my arms being set right over my head as high as I could oversee. So I at that point tried to quantify how high I was discharging the paper helicopter from, I found that with the impact points of my shoe and my arms being extended up route over my head I was really discharging the paper helicopter from a tallness of 2 meters and 3 centimeters. I left the estimation of the stature I was discharging the paper helicopter at how it was at that point, since it was arriving at where it would get very tedious. While dropping the paper helicopter out of my hands I am to ensure that I drop it while my companion is to state â€Å"GO†, this is so he can time it with exactness. At the point when the paper helicopter will arrive on the ground I will at that point shout â€Å"STOP†, with the goal that he can stop the clock/stopwatch at the correct time so as to get the most precise planning conceivable. At the point when I get results for dropping the paper helicopter with no paperclips appended to its tail, multiple times, I will ensure that I have recorded the timings in my outcomes table. In the wake of doing as such, I am to connect the principal paperclip to the paper helicopter and afterward do something very similar once more. (Drop the paper helicopter, time it, and record timings in results table. ) After each 5 arrangements of results with a similar number of paperclips connected, I am to add another paperclip to the paperclip, which is as of now positioned on the tail of the paper helicopter. I will do this until I have 5 paperclips appended to the tail of the paper helicopter. How the paper clasps ought to be set has been appeared in the chart underneath. Chart 1. 3 Results Table Number Of Paperclips first (Time in Seconds) second (Time in Seconds) third (Time in Seconds) fourth (Time in Seconds) fifth (Time in Seconds) Average (Time in Seconds) 08 As you can see, in the outcomes tables above I have accumulated every one of my timings into the table. When I had put every one of my timings in the table I was to work out the normal of each arrangement of timings. To do this I was to include the entirety of the arrangements of timings together and afterward separate it by 5 since that was the occasions I had done the trial for each set. Here are my operations out towards how I worked out the normal for each arrangement of results. Functions out for Average(s) (Please note that ‘/’ represents the division sign) When working out the, I initially got every one of my timings for the particular arrangement of results, included them together and partitioned them by 5, I isolated it by 5 since this was the occasions I had coordinated it tumbling from the air to the ground. As demonstrated as follows: Number of paperclips = 0 Timings 1Graphs/Conclusion I have shaped out a diagram to show the aftereffects of the five arrangements of results. Another chart is appeared on the following page, with the exception of this is a diagram, which shows the midpoints of each of the 5 arrangements of results, which I had accumulated in my examination. From seeing this diagram we can undoubtedly say that the second arrangement of results stand apart the most. I have re-checked my outcomes and have seen that none of the result results truly stand apart enormously, as they are all in extent. This gives me that my tests had gone very well without committing any huge certified errors. I believe that the second time I did all the outcomes, the planning might not have been halted at the correct time or possibly not began at the ideal time, causing

The National Development Policies Of Ethiopia Economics Essay

The National Development Policies Of Ethiopia Economics Essay The principle motivation behind this paper is to survey the national agrarian improvement strategies of Ethiopia during the rule of the Imperial, Derg and EPRDF drove government and the overwhelming patterns of worldwide field of advancement thinking sought after (likenesses and contrasts among) in the time of post 1974 to 2004. Ethiopia is probably the least fortunate country on earth. From its 77 million individuals more than 80 percent rely upon means agribusiness and over 40% live beneath the outright destitution line, (CSA, 2007). The nation has stayed to be one of the lamentable spots where the most pessimistic scenarios of starvation and dry season and man made issues, for example, broadened common war and debasements of characteristic assets have been watched (EC venture proposition 1998). Be that as it may, the nation has a decent asset potential for monetary turn of events. Because of these financial circumstances, different improvement arrangements and systems have been acquired to rehearse by the progressive governments that controlled the nation which had in a large portion of the cases wound up with absolute minimum effects in turning around the won advancement bottlenecks of the nation. Along these lines a decent piece of the terrible showing is clarified by strategy disappointments of the past systems by and large and the derg system specifically (EEA, 1999/2000) as sited by (Alemayehu, G.2007). Along these lines, after the breakdown of the military system in May 1991, the EPRDF drove government embraced different improvement approach changes and auxiliary alterations that included advancement of business sectors, decentralization of focal government specialists to locales, woredas and structured agribusiness advancement drove industrialization methodologies. Likewise, at the later phases of the period (2002), the administration pinpointed needine ss decrease as its critical advancement target which is in consonance with universal bearings and duties. In what follows this paper attempts to audit advancement strategies of the up to the present system in Ethiopia.2. Patterns and Development Policy Environment Before and after 1991â [1]â 2.1 Development Policies up to 1974 The majestic legislature of Haileselasie, was the main government to practice distinctive advancement strategies as Ethiopia is first African state to endeavor monetary improvement arranging (Georgi. G. 1981). Yet, the plans decided just broad patterns and likely improvement rates as they gave an incredibly summed up designation to specific divisions of the economy as of 1960s (Haile H., 1995). During this time three five-year plans were set up for the advancement of the economy with various targets and territory of needs. They were: The initial multi year plan (1957-62) The second multi year plan (1963-67) The Third multi year plan (1968-73) 2.1.1. Initial multi year plan (1957-62)â [2]â This arrangement had a few focuses on the rural division. As indicated by the assessments of the arrangement focuses on that was made in the second multi year plan, its effect on the agrarian part was irrelevant since accentuation during this arrangement period was on framework and social change (raising the degree of instruction and the preparation of specialized faculty) for the usage of the multi year program. No compelling reason to achieve crucial changes in present techniques for (laborer) creation and adhered to the sort of instruments now used(Dejene (IEG 1957),pg 45 Givers approach of this period was one-sided for urbanization vis-Ã -vis provincial turn of events. the world bank for instance, by a wide margin the biggest single wellspring of improvement help to Ethiopia as of late, distributed 85% of its absolute credits to current streets during the 1950-59 period, and nothing to the agrarian sector(world Bank 1985). 2.1.2. Second five-year plan (1963-67)â [3]â Chiefly the need center was given to industry (producing), minerals and electric force improvement, in any case, not at all like the initial multi year plan, some consideration was given to agribusiness. In this arrangement, quantitative focuses for the creation of agrarian attractive items like oats, cotton, dairy cattle, and espresso; and for the pace of development of farming were set. To accomplish the creation targets set in the arrangement three fundamental methodologies were plot: Execution of land change, presentation of devices actualizes and hardware just as basic preparing of the makers in order to raise efficiency, per capita pay and utilization to change the means economy into an adapted economy. The association of ranchers cooperatives The association of business ranches dependent on motorization IEG (1962). In any case, in the second five-year plan farming was foreseen to develop at a pace of 2.4 percent, yet it was said to have developed at a pace of 1.9 just, It was just 42.2 percent of the speculation focus on that was in reality full filled due to which a great part of the advancement programs were not accomplished, The land change strategy was totally disregarded, a reality which fundamentally represented the disappointment or more all, there was absence of progress in approach measures and hierarchical projects, which were basic for the achievement of the arrangement. In view of all these, the agrarian division couldn't create as much as it was foreseen in the arrangement. 2.1.3. The third five-year plan (1968 - 73)â [4]â This time displayed a stamped takeoff from the past plans. It perceived the significance of the agrarian area and graphed a generally clear and all around explained rural improvement technique. The arrangement contended that modernization of laborer means agribusiness in every aspect of the nation at the same time is not really conceivable, yet no time ought to be lost in causing a beginning in deliberately chose regions in which great outcomes to can before long be seen. This being the procedure, two principle approaches for the improvement of Ethiopia farming were demonstrated in the third five-year plan. These were the bundle program and the advancement of huge scope business ranches: The Package Program The bundle program followed the arrangement of packing advancement endeavors in a given zone to get the necessary changes horticulture. The training was to be constrained to explicit territories since the modernization of laborer means cultivates in every aspect of the nation all the while was expected that it would prompt the weakening of endeavors and rare assets. As per this, the execution of the program was begun in deliberately chose zones where great outcomes were normal in a generally brief timeframe. From the start the bundle program appeared as a Comprehensive Package Program (CPP), and later the Minimum Package Program followed. The CPP planned for accomplishing greatest outcome by concentrating on explicit high potential regions, for example, Chilalo, Wollaita, Ada District, Tahtay Adyabo, Hadegti and Humera and set up farming improvement units for every one of them. This program had the accompanying goals (Tesfai 1975:41) To expand the pay of low pay little holder ranchers and inhabitants and restricted the predominant pay abberations in the country zones; To accomplish monetary and social turn of events; To upgrade nearby investment being developed; To build business openings; and To weight on research, preparing, and transferability. The destinations should be accomplished through The arrangement of augmentation administrations; i.e., spreading advancements and sorting out show fields to ranchers; The foundation of showcasing associations targeting selling creation reasonably in contrast with the expense of creation; Offer of contributions through showcasing associations which would make high yielding seeds and composts accessible to the ranchers; The arrangement of credit offices at a sensible pace of intrigue with the goal that the ranchers might buy the new supplies; and Advancing improved water gracefully framework and development of instruction. Wellbeing and nourishing investigations were to be built up As a rule, the CPP has brought about the expansion of wages of laborers and inhabitants in the venture zones. The increments in wages were, be that as it may, legitimately identified with the size of the land possessions and along these lines it brought about developing separation among the proletariat. This and its tremendous asset prerequisites prompted the reexamination of it selection of what is known as the base bundle program. The Minimum Package Program (MPP) The complete bundle ventures were seen excessively expensive as copied in different pieces of the nation. It was accordingly chosen to dispatch a plan which was believed to be less exorbitant per rancher. In this manner, in 1972 the base bundle program (MPP) including just those base administrations thought about basic for provincial turn of events (for the most part compost and credit) began to be actualized along every climate street. The MPP was visualized to diminish the expense of building up the agrarian part that in contrast with the CPP an a lot more extensive inclusion could be achieved. Speculative projects were made for the foundation of around ten undertakings in chose high reaction territories every year for multi year. As indicated by the program; By 1985 it was evaluated that one million families or around 20 percent of the absolute would be reached The MPP was intended to cover 440 woredas out of the 550 woredas of the nation and this was to cover around 70 pre penny of the horticultural populace For the usage of MPP, the Extension and Project Implementation Department (EPID) was set up To accomplish the targets, the dissemination of a couple of demonstrated strategies and advancements including improved seeds, manures and ranch executes as generally as potential was imagined to arrive at the little ranchers in different pieces of the nation. In any case, because of deficiencies of labor, improved seeds and composts, the MPP couldn't accomplish its target of inclusion of more extensive territories and the expense of the MPP was not as low as it was visualized. landless and semi-landless provincial

Doubt and Uncertainty in Relation to Theatricality in Hamlet and A Midsummer Nights Dream - Literature Essay Samples

In the tragedy Hamlet and the comedy A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare presents two plays that are very different in context but quite similar in foundation. Both plays examine reality throughout the narrative structure. In Hamlet, reality is consistently in question because of the pervasive strain of doubt in the narrative. In A Midsummer Nights Dream, reality is blurred by the prevalence of dreams used to explain magical occurrences. Doubt disrupts the narrative structure of reality by leaving events unexplained, permitting us to call into question what we consider to be reality. Dreams, as part of the fantasy world, exist separate from reality. When placed into the narrative, dreams function in a manner similar to doubt by disrupting reality. Both plays call into question reality by obscuring the lines between realism and fantasy, reality and theatricality. Consequently, if drama is a representation of real life, then Shakespeare is questioning real life as well. This is depicted at the endings of both plays through Shakespeares involvement of the audience within the framework of the narratives.In the final act of Hamlet, Hamlet disrupts the narrative by addressing not only the other characters in the scene, but the audience members as well. Resolved to die, he says:You that look pale, and tremble at this chance,That are but mutes or audience to this act,Had I but time as this fell sergeant, Death,Is strict in his arrest O, I could tell you But let it be. Horatio, I am dead,Thou livest. Report me and my cause arightTo the unsatisfied (Hamlet 5.2.332-339).Hamlet solicits Horatio to tell his story, Horatio, I am dead, Thou livest. Report me and my cause aright. Here, Horatio becomes the playwright. However, one interpreter of his story is not enough for Hamlet. In the textual notation, mutes or audience is defined as meaning silent spectators (Hamlet 1233). Accordingly, Report me and my cause aright is not only directed to Horatio, it i s directed to the audience as well. Up until this point, not once in his many soliloquies has Hamlet spoken to anyone beyond himself. This is the first time that he directly acknowledges or addresses the audience. He is asking them to bear witness, to make sure his story is told correctly. This makes sense because no one else in the play is more aware of the sequence of events than the audience since they are the only ones who have heard Hamlets soliloquies. Hence, the only accurate representation of Hamlets story must come from the audience members themselves. Shakespeare also comments on the relationship between theatricality and reality by directly involving the audience in the interpretation of uncertain events.Hamlets conscious awareness of the audience has further implications. Prior to this point, Hamlet has based his actions on his knowledge of events and circumstances as they have been revealed to him throughout the play. If he were completely comfortable with what h e has based his actions on, then he would not have addressed the audience in this speech. Hamlet knows that Horatio does not know everything that he does (because he did not hear Hamlets soliloquies), which is why he asks the audience to make sure Horatios depiction is accurate. Because he enlists both of them in the act, it suggests that he, too, remains uncertain of all that has happened and doubts that just one party could portray him accurately. As his death approaches, Hamlet appears both unsure and untrusting of reality, and questioning of its individual interpretation. This is manifested by the contradictions he makes in his speeches. Hamlet says that he could tell us what has happened, O, I could tell you But let it be, suggesting that he is certain of all events (Hamlet 5.2.337-338). Then, only moments later, he says, Things standing thus unknown, shall I leave behind me! suggesting that he has accepted the fact that he cannot and will not know all things (Hamlet 5.2 .345).The ending of Hamlet is inconclusive, in large part because of Hamlets contradictory nature and the plays investment in doubt and uncertainty. Additionally, designating Horatio as the playwright questions the validity of the entire play simply because it suggests that Hamlet is the play Horatio has written. Hamlets reliance on the audience to insure accuracy in Horatios depiction of events further blurs the lines between reality and theatricality.The involvement of the audience at the end of Hamlet is similar to the audiences role in A Midsummer Nights Dream. In the comedy, confusion rests in the fact that the various characters know only what they have been directly involved in, and even those instances are questionable because of the magical qualities of the forest. Just as in Hamlet, the audience is the only witness to all of the events.Dreams are an important theme in A Midsummer Nights Dream. The forest functions as a dreamland, a place where the impossible often hap pens. The events in the forest occur without explanation, just as dreams seem to do at first glance. Characters in the play use the idea of dreams to explain bizarre occurrences they have found themselves in. Bottom justifies his confusion over his experiences in the forest by saying,I have had a most rare vision. I have had a dream, past the wit of man to say what dream it was. Man is but an ass, if he go about [t] expound this dream. Methought I was there is no man can tell what. Methought I was, and methought I had but man is but [a patchd] fool, if he will offer to say what methought I had I will get Peter Quince to write a ballad of this dream. It shall be calld Bottoms Dream, because it hath no bottom (Midsummer 4.1.204-216).Bottom tries to comprehend all that he has experienced, but quickly surrenders this goal, claiming, Man is but an ass if he attempts to explain his dream. Because he cannot understand or describe what has happened to him, Bottom suggests that it was all merely a dream, the rare vision figments of his unconsciousness.Like Hamlet, Bottom is contradictory in his actions and speech. He contradicts himself by first saying that his dream is incomprehensible, and then declaring that he will get Peter Quince to write a ballad about it. How will Quince write a poem about a dream that no one could possibly understand, not even the dreamer, because it hath no bottom?The nature of dreams is an important part of A Midsummer Nights Dream. Dreams interrupt reality because they take away the individuals control by wandering through the unconscious mind. They disrupt time, allowing what seems impossible to occur. Sigmund Freud believed that dreams are traumatic experiences because they dislocate our minds. He wrote that psychoanalysis is similar to the action of a play. The action of the play consists in nothing other than the process of revealing, with cunning delays and ever-mounting excitement (Freud 920).As a playwright, Shakesp eare was heavily invested in producing cunning delays within his works. In both Hamlet and A Midsummer Nights Dream, the action of the play is disrupted by doubt and dreams, causing the characters to become involved in theatricality. It becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish between reality and unreality as the plays narratives develop. The characters even become confused themselves. Hamlet becomes so invested in acting that he is constantly confusing real emotions with fake emotions, reality with theatricality. Hamlets investment in theatricality is brought to its peak when he decides to test the King with the The Murther of Gonzago. Here we see drama becoming the means through which reality is brought into being. Hamlet is using make believe to give birth to reality and truth.Both of these Shakespearian dramas confront the question of reality. The playwright comments on the duality of uncertainty and doubt by the mere fact that A Midsummer Nights Dream is a comedy a nd Hamlet is a tragedy. The characters Hamlet and Bottom are linked by the fact that they are both uncertain of the events they have found themselves entangled in. It is interesting that they both want their experiences to be documented despite the shroud of doubt concerning the events. When their stories have been told, how will we know that what is being translated is what actually happened? What is said of reality when reality must be expressed theatrically?Through the actions of his characters Shakespeare blurs the lines of realism and fantasy, reality and theatricality. Hamlet and Bottom are deeply invested in theatricality. Both characters partake in acting throughout the plays, questioning the reality of the narratives. In addition, Hamlet looks to theatricality in order to explain events, just as Bottom looks to dreams to explain the unexplainable. In the form of doubt and dreams, and through the characters of Hamlet and Bottom, Shakespeare comments on the nature of theatricality when juxtaposed with reality, and suggests that we would not know what real life was if we did not have a sense of drama.At the end of A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare questions the audiences reality through the character of Puck. Puck says to the audience, if the play has offended, that they should remember it as nothing more than a dream:If we shadows have offended,Think but this, and all is mended:That you have but slumbered here,While these visions did appear;And this weak and idle theme,No more yielding but a dream,Gentles, do not reprehend.If you pardon, we will mend (Midsummer 5.1.423-430).This is problematic because the audience did, in fact, view the play. Of even more significance are the underlying questions brought about by Pucks epilogue, as well as Bottoms dream and Hamlets dying declaration. Is it that easy to translate reality into a dream, or a dream into reality? Or, for that matter, can real life be made into a play, or a play into real life ? Most importantly, would we know what real life was if we didnt have a sense of drama, recognizing that everything is, in fact, so uncertain?Works CitedFreud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. Ed.Vincent B. Leitch. New York: Norton, 2001. 919-929.Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Nights Dream. 1600. Riverside Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. Evan G. Blakemore and J.J.M. Tobin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997. 251-283.. Hamlet. 1603. Riverside Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. Evan G. Blakemore and J.J.M. Tobin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997. 1183-1245.

Gay Marriage Should be Legal Essay - 1123 Words

On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Many conservative groups do NOT agree with this decision. The believe that gay marriage should not be permitted but civil unions should be granted to lesbians and homosexuals. On the other hand there is a large group that believes neither gay marriage nor civil unions should be offered to gay and lesbian couples and that any legal union should be available to heterosexual couples only. The different opinions that are expressed by society’s attitudes towards gay marriage continue to cause great controversy throughout the country, and should come to a halt by allowing homosexuals to wed. The true†¦show more content†¦When conversation surrounding gay marriage arises much of society feels strongly against it due to religious beliefs. Many feel that â€Å"according to the bible† it is not permitted, so therefore it should not exist. What peopl e fail to realize is that the bible also states that the many everyday activities society takes part in is also considered unacceptable. For example the Bible states that if a woman fails to prove her virginity at the time of matrimony, the men of her town shall stone her to death (Jeffrey 227). That is something that present day Christians clearly do not agree with nor do our laws allow for it. After reading versus such as that, how can one argue against gay marriage from Biblical passages that condemn homosexual activity, but choose to ignore a variety of similarly inhumane, sexist and racist passages which encourage slavery, the murder of witches, and stoning? Thus condemning homosexuality singled out by gay marriage opponents based on the bible is a completely unfair and bizarre argument. Yet there are people such as Robert Cummings who state, â€Å"God loves gay people, but he despises the sin of homosexuality. I wish there was a worldwide ban on gay marriages because itâ€⠄¢s not right† (Cummings). The common misconception that people have with gay marriage is that unless a couple has the desire to get married within a church,Show MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rig hts allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

How High School Gets Brought Up - 1311 Words

What do people normally think of when high school gets brought up? Maybe that it is boring, a waste of time, that a person doesn t really learn much even though there is countless hours invested. When it is time to graduate and head off to college one should feel somewhat comfortable and mostly prepared for college, the assignments are turned in at the needed time and normally not late, very well rounded in all aspects of school education.. Graduating from Northeast Range, that feeling really isn’t there. If it were trade school, yeah, no big deal, but going for an actual degree with all these different classes will be very challenging. There are quite a few students that are, for the most part, prepared, but those are the ones that†¦show more content†¦Is all of this because of the No child will be left behind Act President George W. Bush passed in 2001? One statement that speaks toward this paper from the NCLB Act would be, that the expectation that struggling stud ents learn alongside their peers. Some say that NCLB focused too much on standardized testing. Some schools end up â€Å"teaching to the test†Ã¢â‚¬â€focusing only on what students were tested on. This left little time for anything else the kids may have needed or wanted to learn. Some things that NCLB requires like, highly qualified teachers as well as research-based instruction and basic reporting on school results most people supported. What if it is because of the Every student succeeds Act passed by President Obama on December 10, 2015? When ESSA got passed, they kept some things from the NCLB, but added onto it. The only law that stayed the same would be â€Å"States are responsible for holding schools accountable for student achievement.† The law provides a framework but it is a flexible framework. Whereas in the NCLB didn’t have much of a flexible framework for each state to set their own state standards (The Understood team, 2016). Students generally speaking aren’t very worried on how well they do their work. Many are just focused on getting it turned in regardless to how well it has been done. Select students would think that way, but after theShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1132 Words   |  5 Pagesstrong feelings get together and notice they have differing opinions, it can lead to arguments. That’s what happened in my case. Recently, I experienced my first big fight with my parents over how many college classes I should be able to take. Ever since I was little, I have always tried to do my very best in classes and really push myself. I have also always been a perfectionist and been very on top of my work. 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If it were not for all the classes, extra curriculars, and other school-related activities, I would not have the friends I have today, would not know even a quarter of all the math, Engli sh, history, science I was taughtRead MoreMy Most Formative Memories Of The South1273 Words   |  6 PagesI was raised in the south nestled in a small town outside of an even smaller city in North Carolina. Growing up in the south was an education on it’s on. For starters, I was not short of discipline. I realized that a lot of my friends’ parents just â€Å"negotiated† with them from age two and beyond. This is not acceptable in the south. One of my most formative memories is being popped in the mouth by my grandmother in front of the entire line at Winn-Dixie because I called her a name - one that rhymesRead MoreArticle Review : Stop Blaming Teachers Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesincentive for them to work hard for a high grade. The students know the teacher has to pass them or risk their job. 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Analysis of Clinical Reasoning Cycle Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Clinical Reasoning Cycle. Answer: Introduction: One of the greatest responsibilities in case of thenursing individuals can be considered the clinical judgments. In most cases thenursing individuals are expected to take prompt clinical decisions in both the care planning and execution. Now it has to be mentioned that the impact of the care decision making can have a very severe impact on the well being of the patients. Furthermore, in certain cases any wrong decision taken in the care planning procedure can even cost the patients if his or her life. Therefore, the values if thenursing decisions are extreme and that is the reason why there have been many initiatives take in the attempt to streamline the process of clinical judgment or decision making as possible (Stellefson, Dipnarine Stopka, 2013). Clinical reasoning cycle can be considered to be one of the most impactful and effective strategic intervention that has proved to improve the clinical judgments and eradicate the issues that are prevalent in the scenario of clinical decision making. The clinical reasoning cycle can be defined as the scientific step by step process of collecting different cues of patient situational analysis, processing the collected information, identification of the care needs, planning and implementation of interventions based on care priorities, evaluating outcomes and reflecting on the entire procedure (Levett-Jones et al., 2010). This assignment will attempt to use the clinical reasoning cycle to analyse the patient situation and formulate care interventions based on the care needs and the care priorities f the patient by the means of employing clinical reasoning cycle with the help of a case study. Case scenario analysis: The very first step of the clinical reasoning cycle is the collection of the informative cues regarding the condition of the patient. On a more elaborative note, this step of the cycle is associated with the patient situation analysis, and investigation of the facts linked issues of the patient. In this case, the patient Peter Mitchell is a 52 year old man with a morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. There have been three particular medical emergencies due to which the patient had been admitted to the health care facility, poorly controlled diabetes, and obesity ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea. The subjective data of the patient also indicate at a few key symptoms that the patient had been exhibiting such as shakiness, diaphoresis, increased hunger, high BGL levels and difficulty breathing whilst sleeping. Along with that patient history also reveals his past history of tobacco usage for 30 years, the patient smoked 20 cigarettes a day. According to the information mentioned abov e the patient had been neglecting his high blood glucose levels and the added impact of morbid obesity. From the symptoms that the patients had been exhibiting signs of severe hyperglycemia, and he had also been at a risk for diabetic coma (Garber et al., 2013). Further investigations indicate at the fact that the patient had been previously suggested to follow a weight loss regime involving a strict low fat diet and daily exercise, which the patient refused to acknowledge because of it being too hard for him. His past medical history investigations unravelled presence of depression, Hypertension, Sleep apnea, and Gastro oesophageal disease reflux disease along with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it can be mentioned that as Peter had been suffering with quite a few health disorders and each one of them had an impact on his present condition, his negligence to follow a proper diet and an exercise regimen further worsened the condition for him enhancing his risk of hyperglycemia and even diabetic coma (Garber et al., 2016). The psychosocial information about the patient indicate that he had been a government employee 3 years ago had weighed 105kgs, after losing his job his diabetes and obesity worsened further and after the start of the insulin the patient gained far more weight. Along with that, due his abnormally obese physique and fatigue he has difficulty finding employment lives alone after his divorce. The impact of his severe hyperglycemia and extremely high body weight restricted his chances of carrying out normal activities of daily living, and as he lived alone in his house, he had no one to care for him either. However, after his recent episode of hyperglycemia and increased chances of diabetic coma helped him realize the need for making efforts to lose weight and better management of his conditions. With the absence of any advisor or family member to rely on, the patients is unsure of where and how to start working for better health outcomes which indicates that the patients is anxious, clue less and depressed. Care needs: According to the clinical reasoning cycle, the second and third stage of the cycle is associated with the process of collecting cues from the patients regarding the subjective and objective patient data and processing all the information that has been collected by thenursing professional. This process gives rise to the identification of the care needs of the patients and by interpreting, discriminating, relating, inferring, and predicting performed by the nursing professional (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). Hence, focusing on the care needs of the patients, many care priorities are apparent from the case study. First and foremost it has to be mentioned that the patient had a very poorly controlled diabetes type to the patient it has to be mentioned that obesity often leads deterioration of bith physical and mental health and wellbeing by the virtue of altered body image, related co-morbid disorders, social isolation, fatigue, mobility restriction and depression. Hence the very first care need for the patient has to be reduction and better management of his exceeding body weight. The next care need that can be highlighted in here is better management of the diabetes that the patient had been having (Vashist, 2012). It has to be understood that extreme morbid obesity when coupled with faulty management of diabetes can lead to severe exacerbations like coronary heart diseases and renal diseases, hence better management of his diabetes will be one of the greatest care need. Other care needs for the patient includes hypertension, sleep apnoea, depression, and social isolation. Two complex care priorities with justification: The clinical reasoning cycle provides the health care professional with the opportunity to sort through the overlapping care needs. In this case as well, the next step of action will be for the nursing professional to focus on the most crucial care priorities of the patient and decide on two particular care priorities that the patient will need immediate care intervention for. The fourth stage of the clinical reasoning cycle, the nursing professional will need to identify the key issues that the patient has been suffering from and formulate a care plan including the patients and his preferences in the process (Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Based on the subjective and objective data, the care priorities for the patient include obesity management and better self management of the diabetes. It has to be mentioned that global epidemic of obesity is indicative of the increasing prevalence and incidence rate of type two diabetes. Similarly without effective management of obesity the patients can lead to many health disorders like congestive heart failure, coronary arterial diseases, renal diseases and many more which can easily lead to fatalities if not managed properly. Along with that the patient had type 2 diabetes for more than 9 years and with the lack of self management of the disease coupled with excessive body weight at 145 kg, the above mentioned risks were even higher. Hence, based on synthesis of the patient data discovered from the past medical history and the investigation by the nursing professional, the choice of both of the care priorities are relevant and justified (Feinman et al., 2015). The 5th stage of the CRC focuses on synthesis of achievable goals involving the care priorities decided in the previous steps, and taking relevant actions to address the chosen care priorities. The collection and synthesis of the patient data indicates the fact that that patient did not have a strict diet plan at all; hence the very first goal for the patient will be to focus on a diet plan that matches his needs and preferences. The next goal for the patents can be a low to high exercise regimen. The patents will need to start with a low grade exercise program that will help him get used to the habit of exercise and slowly the exercise regimen will evolve to higher difficulty level to match up with need of the patient (Rueda-Clausen, Padwal Sharma, 2013). For diabetes management, the patient had not been regular with his checkups and blood glucose management; hence the first goal for this patient must focus on the regular glucose level management. It has to be mentioned in this context that the patient will need to be instructed to acquire any self operated glucose level monitoring device and should be educated to check it regularly. Along with that that patients will be needed to be educated and motivated to regularly take the medications that has been prescribed to him (Chen et al., 2012). The last two steps of the clinical reasoning cycle in to evaluate the outcome of the management goals and then reflect on the whole process. For the evaluation process, the nursing professional can monitor the weight, blood glucose level and BMI of the patient. A changed attitude towards his obesity and diabetes and efforts to change his condition will also be a evaluation outcome measurement strategy for the patient. The primary motive behind the reflection phase is to enhance the patient centered aspect of the care and whether the care approach can be refined any further to match the needs of the patient any further (Chandrasekaran et al., 2012). Conclusion: On a concluding note, clinical reasoning cycle is an excellent tool for the nursing individuals to employ evidence based practice and critical analytical thinking while caring for the patients and addressing different issues by the means of a series or spiral of linked clinical encounters. it helps effectively in sorting out the relevant patient care cues, identifying care priorities and designing care plan that will address each of the care priorities. In this case study as well, the CRC helped in identification and determination of the particular care priorities of Peter Mitchell and helped in designing care goals that are focussed and recovery oriented for him. References: Chandrasekaran, C. V., Vijayalakshmi, M. A., Prakash, K., Bansal, V. S., Meenakshi, J., Amit, A. (2012). Herbal approach for obesity management.American Journal of Plant Sciences,3(07), 1003. Chen, S. M., Creedy, D., Lin, H. S., Wollin, J. (2012). Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of nursing studies,49(6), 637-644. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Feinman, R. D., Pogozelski, W. K., Astrup, A., Bernstein, R. K., Fine, E. J., Westman, E. C., ... Nielsen, J. V. (2015). Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base.Nutrition,31(1), 1-13. Fisher, E. B., Boothroyd, R. I., Coufal, M. M., Baumann, L. C., Mbanya, J. C., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., ... Tanasugarn, C. (2012). Peer support for self-management of diabetes improved outcomes in international settings.Health affairs,31(1), 130-139. Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bush, M. A., ... Garber, J. R. (2016). Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm2016 executive summary.Endocrine Practice,22(1), 84-113. Garber, A., Abrahamson, M., Barzilay, J., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z., Bush, M., ... Grunberger, G. (2013). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013 consensus statement.Endocrine Practice,19(Supplement 2), 1-48. Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S. Y. S., Noble, D., Norton, C. A., ... Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at riskpatients.Nurse education today,30(6), 515-520. Ross, R., Blair, S., de Lannoy, L., Desprs, J. P., Lavie, C. J. (2015). Changing the endpoints for determining effective obesity management.Progress in cardiovascular diseases,57(4), 330-336. Rueda-Clausen, C. F., Padwal, R. S., Sharma, A. M. (2013). New pharmacological approaches for obesity management.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,9(8), 467. Stellefson, M., Dipnarine, K., Stopka, C. (2013). Peer reviewed: The chronic care model and diabetes management in US primary care settings: A systematic review.Preventing chronic disease,10. Vashist, S. K. (2012). Non-invasive glucose monitoring technology in diabetes management: A review.Analytica chimica acta,750, 16-27.

Innocent III Essay Example

Innocent III Essay Under Innocent III, the state of the papacy and papal authority changed dramatically and emerged to form what some historians describe as a papal monarchy1. One could argue that during Innocents reign of 1198-1216, the medieval papacy was at the peak of its power in terms of military strength, control over Rome, international political power and moral influence. Innocent IIIs own writings reflect this point of view, as he makes clear that he views his position as one of unquestionable, divine endowed authority. However when considering this question of whether the papacy was indeed at its height under Innocent, the gap between theological theory and political reality must be considered, as well as Innocents reign in relation to his predecessors and successors which may lead historians to inflate their opinion of this period in papal history, due to the decline of the papacy that occurred under Innocent IV. Innocent III international involvement is greater than any of the popes before or after him, during his reign he interfered in almost every kingdom in Europe2, however this does not provide evidence for him actually wielding any power as he was regularly ignored by monarchs such as by King John of England. In England, King John defied the pope by making Hubert Walter chancellor after Innocent had ordered him to release him from office after he began building a church in Lambeth. We will write a custom essay sample on Innocent III specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Innocent III specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Innocent III specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He also defied him and caused England to be put under interdict in 1205, when John refused to comply with the decree that tax from the clergy should be paid in a lump sum by each diocese. Therefore one could draw the conclusion from this that the papacy had to operate out of good will or else it was ignored, such as when he was forced to back off from the situation in Germany in 1208. However despite England and other examples such as France in 1200 having to be put under interdict for obedience, eventually Innocent III did get his way and his authority was respected, as in 1213 John wrote the Charter of Submission. In this charter he recognized the popes power when he wrote we have pledged and sworn our fealty henceforth to our lord aforesaid, Pope Innocent III3. The reasons behind John finally succumbing to the pope are due to the widespread effects of the interdict and the influence of the pope himself on the Church in England and the life of the clergy, an issue which will be discussed later. Therefore the pope Innocent III does appear to hold substantial international power, despite initial defiance, he ultimately got his way despite the geographical limitations straining communication. One must consider that the medieval papacy throughout the middle ages lacked the bureaucracy, financial resources and political apparatus to effectively be an international authority body, Chaney points out that despite this, Innocent III unlike popes before him, was successful in having international influence despite the fact that a message from Rome to England could take up to a month and was regularly ignored as many letters were regarded as forgeries4. Therefore Innocent III did wield a great deal of authority, Munro argues that the monarchs of Europe were his vassals5, a view clearly shared by Innocent himself when he wrote Now just as the moon derives its light from the sun and is indeed lower than it in quantity and quality, in position and in power, so too the royal power derives the splendour of its dignity from the pontifical authority.. 6. This view is further substantiated by numerous examples of leaders all over Europe seeking out his guidance and even placing their countries under papal rule such as in Hungary and Poland7. Philip Augustus, arguably the most powerful monarch in Europe at the time, was disciplined by the pope for violating the marriage sacrament, Sancho of Portugal was forced to place his country under papal over lordship and he made Alfonso of Leon break off the marriage with his niece. The most famous example of the popes international intervention is acting as arbiter in the dispute over the election between Otto and Philip. One could argue that under Pope Innocent III, the medieval papacy reached its peak of military power and as papal power was dependent on military strength this would render his reign very powerful. Innocent had strong international allies as well as having his own armies of mercenaries, employed troops and loyal military service of barons of the Papal States. He also had the power to call whole nations to arms. However one must question the popes actual military strength as he relied heavily on his international allies rather than his independent power, exemplified by the handing over of the Papal States to Marquis Azzo VI of Este. However, unlike popes before him, Innocents interest in crusading more than those before him may be significant proof that he did indeed hold secure military power. The Albigensian crusade itself however counters this view of the pope having great military power as it became a war of conquest and spiralled into a massacre when the abbot of Citeaux; Arnold Amaury, encouraged troops to commit murder8. On entry into the papacy in 1198, Innocents views on his position as pope were made very clear, he saw himself as the vicar of Christ and therefore a moral authority to all Christians . He appears to have exercised moral authority as leaders approached him for guidance such as Francis of Assisi in 1210. However, one must question the gap between theory and reality, although he believed this to be true, to what extent is it demonstrated throughout his time as pope, and was it greater than other popes during the Middle Ages? To answer this question one must consider the popes influence in the everyday running of the church by the clergy. Using England as an example, it is clear that Innocent exercised a vast influence as during the interdict, Englishmen were deprived of the sacraments of the church as bodies were not buried and marriages were not solemnised in churches. As Binns puts it his weapons may be spiritual but they were uncommonly effective9 The clergy were greatly upset by this and as a result John had to make peace with the pope, one could argue as Chaney does that this shows the strength of the ultimate hold of papal doctrine on the church10, even if not over the individual leader. Innocent himself had no doubts over his control over the church, writing so extensive is the authority of the apostolic see that nothing can reasonably be determined in all the affairs of the church except by its authority11. However one could argue that despite having influence, this is all theoretical power and that this does not show Innocent to be as powerful as many historians inflate his image to be. The calling of the Lateran Council in 1215 is the most decisive piece of evidence in securing the view that Innocent wielded moral influence over the church, being arguably one of the most important councils of the Western church. It was widely attended with representatives from all over the world and by 400 bishops, 800 abbots as well as priors, clergy and laity. This council decided on many issues such as the entry into the crusade and reforming the church on issues such as the restricting of indulgencies12. Munro argues that the council shows the strength of the pope and papal power at its peak as the council was highly regarded as an authoritative force such as the fixing of transubstantiation as a dogma13 . To any pope throughout this period, securing ones power base in Rome and the papal states was of utmost importance and an aspiration of all popes14, one could argue that Innocent III failed in securing this power as Rome was run by a senator elected by the people and he was also forced to flee Rome on two occasions during his reign. However, despite this, Innocent managed to secure some power in Rome as unlike popes before him, he gained the right to choose the senator and he swore loyalty to the pope by oath. Therefore one must question Innocents power over Rome and whether it really demonstrates the papacy at the peak of its power as throughout his reign, he never seems to have gained a firm grip on Rome. With regards to the Papal States, Barraclough argues that Innocent III came nearest of all the popes to realizing the theory of papal theocracy held by Nicholas I and Gregory VII15 . However despite this, Barraclough also argues that there were limitations to his success and at best he half succeeded. During his reign, he more than doubled the papal lands through his policy of recuperation on accession. However his power over the Papal States was weak at best, Sayers argues that in Sicily, despite Innocent having taken to opportunity to gain power the result of Innocents rule in Sicily was chaos and caused a collapse of the government built up by the Norman kings16. However one could argue that this was due to the apparatus available to him rather than weakness in the papacy itself. One must consider when casting a judgement over Innocents power in the Papal States, what he had inherited. On accession, papal power in the Papal States was weak, Henry had power over Sicily and Papal States were held by German counts as well as the papal treasury being depleted. Therefore one must consider his power in the context of what he had to work with, leading to the judgement that he did indeed exert a great deal of power. When one considers the question as to whether the papacy reached its peak under Innocent III, from the evidence available, it appears that historians have over inflated and exaggerated the power the papacy actually held during this period as Innocents letters provide a wealth of evidence to draw from. Therefore although Innocent III held more power than many of his predecessors, it appears that due to the decline of the papacy under Innocent IV, this has led historians to regard Innocent IIIs reign more highly that it possibly deserves. One must consider the gradual gain in power of the papacy as a process and one that can not be solely attributed to one pope, as Chaney points out, the rise in papal power had begun long before Innocent had come to power17, a fact ignored by historians. However, Innocents power should not be diminished in history due to the possible faults of historians, he undeniably held a great deal of power and influence in a range of fields and therefore it does seem fair to argue that under him, the papacy did reach the apogee of its power during the middle ages . In terms of moral influence, one is inclined to agree with the view that as the spiritual sovereign of Latin Christendom, he had no rival18. However, one must still consider that despite this accolade, that is not to say that he did not have areas of great weakness such as in Sicily and that although coming close to, he did not fully achieve the aims of him and those before him in securing Rome and the Papal states. Alternatively, one could argue in his defence that this was due to the resources available to him and that the power he did secure in spite of these limitations shows Innocent III as being very powerful and shows the papacy at the peak of its power.

Key to Success Essay Example

Key to Success Essay Example Key to Success Essay Key to Success Essay Key to Success What is education? According to the Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English it is defined as â€Å"the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university and the theory and practice of teaching†. In my opinion success requires not only formal education but the positive attitude, drive and vision through informal education. What is formal education? It is the interaction between students and a teacher that is required for a student to obtain some sort of people pursue formal education in the hope that obtaining a degree or certificate will open the window of opportunity, help them gain social status and financial security. Education obtained in school teaches essential skills for the working world and it changes and mold behaviour of an individual so that the person will become a responsible for member of society. Two years ago, one of my teachers said â€Å"To be a productive member in our society, you need to get a formal education†. This statement seems to be true when one considers that we live in a complex and competitive society; many jobs are unavailable to those without an education. For example, in order to be a nurse, a person needs a nursing certificate from a recognized educational institution and pass the national board exam to get a license to work. However, is formal education the only way to success? Most of us believe that education from school is more important than the education obtained outside an institution. Our society thinks that receiving a diploma or degree is the necessary first step towards success. However, some of the world’s most famous and wealthiest billionaires are college dropouts. For instance, the youngest billionaire in the world, Mark Zuckerberg, dropped out from Harvard University and later co-developed Facebook. Obviously, his success did not happen overnight, but through his personal belief in what he was doing and his passion for computer programming. He had the courage to tackle a big project and he succeeded, even though he was a college drop out. Like Zuckerberg, I do not believe that only certificates from institutions will bring us the things we want in life. Instead, it is informal education that teaches us to explore and expand our world. One does not learn to become brave by sitting in a classroom. No college can teach curiosity or teach us who we truly are. Formal education gives people false confidence because knowing a lot of facts does not make you successful. It is how you use what you know, and this skill can only be learned outside the classroom. If a formal education does not guarantee success, what type of informal education is needed to help us achieve our goals? Informal education consists of a lesson learned from experiences outside the classroom. Manny Pacquiao from the Philippines started from poverty and now is one of the highest paid athletes in the world. His life was not always easy: his father left his family for his mistress, Pacquiao was unable to continue school because his family was now penniless, he left home at the age of 12 and lived on the street selling cigarettes. Through his positive work attitude, hard working nature and dedication to achieve his dream to become a boxer, he is now a successful professional boxer, a product endorser, politician and singer. Pacquiao did not learn his positive work attitude from school. He acquired the skills necessary for success from the informal environment of the Manila streets and people who helped him. In conclusion, a formal education may be a stepping stone to fulfilling an individual’s dreams, but success requires us to also develop a positive attitude and the motivation to get up each day and face the challenges of an impossible task or environment. In many cases, such as with Mark Zuckerberg and Manny Pacquiao, these skills are not learned in school but in the much more dynamic and risky environment of the real world. References: education. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia. com. 5 Aug. 2011 . Pilkington, Ed (March 10, 2011). Forbes rich list: Facebook six stake their claims. The Guardian (UK). Retrieved March 30, 2011 Kroll, Luisa, ed (March 5, 2008). In Pictures: Youngest Billionaires: Mark Zuckerberg, U. S. : Age 23: $1. 5  billion, self-made. Forbes. Billionaire Dropouts. Pennylicious. 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2011-01-30. Manny Pacquiao. PhilBoxing. com. Retrieved September 4, 2007. Manny Pacquiao. Canadastarboxing. com. Retrieved May 9, 2011.

African Politics - Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

African Politics - Aid - Essay Example Aid was started in Africa in order to facilitate development projects after colonialism. Colonialism had impoverished African countries and the western nations came in with the concept of aid to assist. The intentions were pure and there was initially no agenda behind the money being provided. As Michelle (2013) stipulates in the journal article, there were big development ideas that were to be funded by the aid money but what lacked is the technical expertise. Aid was to be used in various developmental areas such as education, health, infrastructural development among others. Education is the baseline of every country whether developed or developing. It is therefore in the best interest of every nation to have its entire people educated if it is to have developments in the future and use it to enhance their livelihoods. Africa has been left behind for decades on the issue of access to education and this has led to aid being given and debt accrued in the need to educate their public. The dire need to raise the education standards led to need to borrow money from the Bretton Woods institutions such as the World Bank in order to complete the project. The project ended up consuming more and having no much return benefits to the intended public and a debt accrued. Drazen, (2002) explains how debts from the aid continued to increase with no hopes of them being paid back especially with the oil crises which led to an increase in food prices as well as the deplorable conditions in these African nations that have led to an increase in poverty. The Bretton Woods institutions together with the western countries that supplied the money for the aid came up with the concept of structural adjustment programs as the condition for being granted the aid. The African leaders desperate for the money went along with this program that saw massive layoffs and retrenchments taking place in the public sector. The structural programs were

Shell uses new refinery new reffinery to support sustainability Essay

Shell uses new refinery new reffinery to support sustainability - Essay Example addition to being a big project, the new transformation process has the potential of creating a new natural gas, which would contribute to earnings for the company. GTL gas is priced at roughly half the normal price of crude oil, which is likely to spur increased demand mostly due to lower natural gas prices. Shell is also likely to win the environmentally conscious consumers and businesses since GTL is purer than the traditional crude thus having a competitive edge over other companies in the energy business. The process of GTL however, has various production and operational barriers. The process is extremely expensive, considering the amount invested in the project, which is $ 19 million, and this has drawn the attention of critics who hold the view that alternative procedures are more cost effective. Moreover, the GTL process consumes a lot of energy, hence posing the question of the effectiveness of the projects’ environmental sustainability. Another barrier facing the venture is the fact that the GTL project can only make profits when oil prices are high and thus the company’s stakes are either a loss or a win with this particular venture. In the event of the project’s failure after 5 years, the company should not abandon the project all together. With the experience it had with a similar project in Malaysia, this should be an indication that the company should remain optimistic and keep the project running. The company should take into consideration the experience with the previous project to know what to do and what to avoid in this particular venture. Having worked through the numerous glitches in the GTL process, the company should be more confident in undertaking this particular project. Finally, Shell stand s to win more profitable relationships in future in case this project succeeds in the rich labour and energy resources Qatar. Thus, Shell should consider continuing with the venture even if it was to fail after 5

Opening a big day care center Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Opening a big day care center - Research Paper Example We help them get ready for assimilation in big schools. At ABC, we are dedicated to provide a warm and family environment for children. Even if we are moving to larger scale of setting, we are committed to give the quality individualized care that we have been known for. At ABC, we create a family atmosphere where children are allowed to interact with each other. We follow up progress and development of each child and report it to parents regularly as part of our service to parents. ABC Day Care tries to employ best qualified people who are able to keep up with the needs of the day care center and the children under its care. Hiring is based on competence as shown in academic achievements, prior wok experience, and attitudes. We are an equal-opportunity employer. Our activities ensure that work behaviors are done in an equal manner based on individual merit and fitness of the employee regardless of color, race, sex, religion, age, nationality, or sexual orientation, or disability. We are committed to prevent sexual harassment and to confront it when it occurs. We will respond to concerns, questions and allegations of sexual harassment brought by any member of the Center. This policy is in accordance with Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Act 1986. As required by the California State for Licensing, teacher must have at least 18 with 12 postsecondary units in early childhood education and have 6 months experience, or hold a valid CDA and have a 6 months on-the-job training or work experience, or hold a Children’s Center Permit issued by the CA commission for teacher Preparation and Licensing. Once a position is offered to an applicant at the center, he/she must be able to submit several documentations such health screening and safety screening, and a free from criminal investigation record. A certificate of good physical health , a TB TEST and drug test are needed. A new employee will be

Japan was better prepared for World War II Essay -- Japanese History,

After Japanese victories in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I, Japanese experience and confidence in military operations began to soar. As early as 1905, Japan had identified the United States as their primary threat and began preparations to win a war against it. Despite Japan’s vast combat experience and military buildup prior to the Pacific War, their prewar preparation was only slightly more robust than the United States and this edge was eaten away by time for three different reasons. First, Japan began the Pacific War with slight technological advantages over the United States and believed they could use higher-quality technology to defeat the quantitative numbers of a larger foe. Second, Japan created doctrine and effectively trained tactics for military operations to counter an offensive by the United States. Lastly, Japan conceived a very plausible limited strategy. Technology The Japanese began manufacturing its own aircraft just toward the end of World War I. Japan received tremendous assistance from Great Britain, United States, Germany and many other countries and private companies prior to World War II. Through this they helped guide design as well as contributed or sold Japan a steady supply of equipment and engines. â€Å"During the course of the 1930s..the Japanese aircraft industry not only began to join the technological revolution in military aircraft design and construction†¦in certain fields (they) began to take the lead.† (Evans and Peattie, p300-304) As demonstrated against China, Japan understood aircraft carriers and what type of power projection they could bring over long distances upon an enemy. (Millett, p221) In response to this opportunity, Japan develo... ...d and demoralized their enemies. (Evans and Peattie, p445) Great potential industrial capability was present in the United States when Japan attacked, however, having such a potential and successfully harnessing it to the level the Americans did was not easy. Assuming the Americans Conclusion In summary, Japan’s military buildup before the Pacific War coupled with its recent combat experience left Japan’s prewar preparation only slightly more resolute than the United States and this advantage was deleted by time. Japan’s current technological position was superior to that of America’s at the start of the war where craftsmanship generated higher-quality products to defeat quantitative numbers of a larger foe. Japanese doctrine and training were simply better. Finally, Japan’s limited strategy was logically sound and culturally acceptable to them.

Workplace Bullying

Patricia Nantume AP Language & Composition/ D1P4 The Bully at Work January 3, 2012 Mainly focused on prevention methods, situational examples and coping mechanisms with the bully, The Bully at Work by Ruth and Gary Namie, is an astonishing resource on workplace bullying. Gary introduces the main themes of the book by giving an example of his former boss, a bully. He also defines the victims of this social epidemic as Targets. Workplace bullying, like  childhood  bullying, is the tendency of individuals or groups to use persistent aggressive or unreasonable behavior against a co-worker or subordinate. Workplace bullying can include such tactics as  verbal,  nonverbal,  psychological,  physical abuse  and  humiliation. This type of  aggression  is particularly difficult because, unlike the typical forms of  school bullying, workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their  organization  and their society. Ruth on the other hand didn't have any previous experience as a Target or Bully but from fellow work-mates' experiences, she bases her arguments on the topic. â€Å"Bullying is the scourge of the contemporary workplace but is too easily ignored by the people who could eradicate it if they were motivated,† says Ruth. Referred to as an epidemic as of society's ignorance of the issue, workplace bullying has slowly risen to media attention. Other countries like the United Kingdom and China have implausibly low workplace bullying cases in comparison to the United States. Despite the rising cases of victims according to statistical data, employers haven't paid serious attention to reports given by victims. Nevertheless the accentuating cases of victims, society's attention to the issue is rather ironic than Patricia Nantume 02. 03. 12 AP BIOLOGY THE SELFISH GENE CHAPTER 6/ GENEMANSHIP Quote: CHAPTER 7/ FAMILY PLANNING Quote: CHAPTER 8/BATTLE OF GENERATIONS. Quote: CHAPTER9/ BATTLE OF SEXES Quote: Each individual CHAPTER 10. Quote: CHAPTER 11. Quote:

Google Case Study Essay - 1390 Words

1. How does the changing environment for business affect Google’s ability to communicate in this situation? The changing environment for business affects Google’s ability to communicate because everything is available on the internet now. Google said themselves that they hope to â€Å"provide the greatest access of information to the greatest number of people† (Argenti, 2009, p.22). Anything and everything that Google does or says in any situation is available for anyone to see. The very product that they are providing can also help or hinder them. If people in the United States and Europe did not have access to Google’s business records online, then they would never know about Google censoring in China. If they did not know, then groups†¦show more content†¦Since they cannot do this, they release the information and everyone is able to publically see it. Another reason why people might call Google a hypocrite is because of their â€Å"Donâ€⠄¢t be Evil† slogan (Argenti, 2009, p.18). It was very difficult for people to handle the fact that Google prides itself on not being evil, yet they refused to provide user reports to the United States government to aide them in their efforts of tracking down individuals that look at child pornography. â€Å"Successful companies connect communication with strategy through structure, such as having the head of corporate communication report directly to the CEO† (Argenti, 2009, p.15). This is another area where Google is vulnerable, from a communications stand point, because the company has no real structure. When an organization doesn’t have structure it poses a problem in terms of communication because individuals outside that organization tend to think that no one within the organization is ever on the same page; in return, the organization becomes more vulnerable. 3. What are the key problems Google faces in this situation? The key problem that Google is facing in this situation is trying to define where their company fits in relation to the law and their own mission statement. Google’s own mission statement says, â€Å"We aspire to Make Google an institution that makes the world a better place† (Argenti, 2009, p.18). How is Google able to decide whatShow MoreRelatedGoogle Case Study14862 Words   |  60 Pagesvideo increasing ? Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them ? 1,300 ré ³ µmé ³  a day ? Froogle.com / Google Product Search Threats ? Potential Yahoo/Microsoft alliance ? Facebook ? Click fraud ? Copyright disputes stemming from Google Book Search and the digitization of millions of books ? Censorship ? Google Earths effect on security Strengths: Website ? www.google.com ? 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